Commentaries:
Robertson's Word Pictures (NT)
Did Israel not know? (mh Israel ouk egnw). "Did Israel fail to know?" See above.
First (prwtov). Moses first before any one else. LXX quotation Deuteronomy 32:21. See on 1 Corinthians 10:22 for parazhlwsw (I will provoke you to jealousy).
With that which is no nation (ep ouk eqnei). The Jews had worshipped "no-gods" and now God shows favours to a "no-nation" (people).
Will I anger you (parorgiw umav). Future active (Attic future) of parorgizw, rare word, to rouse to wrath.
Other commentary entries containing this verse:
Romans 9:25
Romans 11:1
1 Corinthians 10:22
Ephesians 6:4
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