Topical Studies
Firstborn of Many Brethren
(From Forerunner Commentary)
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We need to define firstborn, beginning with the English definition. Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition, reads, "first brought forth: eldest." Born means "brought forth as by birth," and birth means "the emergence of a new individual from the body of its parent." So a person is born when the fetus is separated from the womb. And the firstborn is the first in order to emerge as a new individual from the body of its parent. The Greek equivalent of "firstborn" is prototokos, defined by Strong's Exhaustive Concordance as: "Firstborn (usually as noun, lit. or fig.): —first begotten." Thayer's Lexicon reads, "In the same sense, apparently, he [Christ] is called simply the prototokos, Heb. i.6; . . . the first of the dead who was raised to life" (p. 556). Our Savior is called "firstborn from the dead" twice (Colossians 1:18; Revelation 1:5). Prototokos is used in Matthew 1:25. "And [Joseph] did not know her until she had brought forth her firstborn Son. And he called His name Jesus." According to Matthew 13:55-56, Mary had at least four other sons (James, Joses, Simon and Judas) and three daughters ("all," verse 56). But only one was the firstborn, the prototokos, the one who opened the womb, Jesus of Nazareth. In Hebrews 11:28, the author writes that God slew the firstborn (prototokos) of Egypt. Who or what did God allow to die on that Passover evening? God killed those born first into a human family and those born first to an animal. Colossians 1:15 describes Jesus Christ: "He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation." Lately, some have said that firstborn here means "preeminent." Undoubtedly it can be used as such, but its more natural meaning is "the first to open the womb." Creation (ktisis) "denotes a particular created thing" (Spiros Zodhiates, The Complete Word Study Dictionary New Testament, p. 897), meaning in this case, "humans" or "humanity." This phrase, then, could be translated: "the first born of humanity." But was not Adam (or more technically, Cain) the firstborn of humanity? This does not seem to fit Jesus Christ. He was the firstborn of Mary, but He came four thousand years after Adam and Cain! What does Paul mean here? He is not discussing preeminence, especially when he links it to "the image of the invisible God." Man was created in the image of God (Genesis 1:26). Paul is writing about humanity being born into the Family of God! Jesus Christ is indeed first! He is the first of all humanity to be born as God. Three verses later he writes, "He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead" (Colossians 1:18). It is so obvious! He is writing about a resurrection, a birth from physical to spiritual, from humanity to God!
John W. Ritenbaugh
You Must Be Born Again!
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Genesis 15:17-21 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
For the events of Genesis 15:17-21, the sun has gone down, and it is dark. In the crucifixion sequence, by dark the Son was in His grave. This is now the 15th of Nisan, the day that became the first day of Unleavened Bread, the part known as the Night To Be Much Observed, "the selfsame day" of Exodus 12:41. Numbers 33:3 confirms Israel left Egypt on the 15th of Nisan, but Exodus 12:42 specifically states Israel began its departure at night, and God names that night the "Night To Be Much Observed." Its significance is that, because the firstborn of the Egyptians have been slain, the descendents of Abraham are released from their bondage and free to leave Egypt. The firstborn of Egypt thus become a type of the True Firstborn, Jesus Christ, the sacrifice for our sins that enslave us to spiritual Egypt.
John W. Ritenbaugh
Countdown to Pentecost 2001
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Genesis 15:17 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Now it was dark. In the antitype, the Firstborn, Christ, is in His grave. Therefore, time-wise we are now into Abib 15. We have come all the way from ben ha arbayim, at the beginning of Abib 14, and the events progressing one after the other through Genesis 15. At verse 17, Abib 15—the First Day of Unleavened Bread—begins. What occurs in Genesis 15:17 is the actual beginning of the Night To Be Much Observed. Exodus 12:41-42 merely records a fulfillment of this first Night To Be Much Observed. Genesis 15:17 is the point from which the 430 years began, and they ended in Exodus 12:41—down to the very day. It was the beginning of Abib 15. This is a night of great significance in the salvation story of God's people. Because the firstborn of the Egyptians had been slaughtered, and the descendants of Abraham had been released from their slavery to leave Egypt, the firstborn of Egypt thus become types of the Firstborn, Jesus Christ—the Sacrifice for our sins that enslave us to spiritual Egypt.
John W. Ritenbaugh
The Wavesheaf and the Selfsame Day
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John 20:17 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
As the firstfruits of God's Family, Jesus had not yet appeared before the Father for acceptance as our Savior and High Priest! He had not yet been "waved"! The context of John 20 shows that it was still early in the morning, and most likely, shortly after Mary returned to the disciples, Jesus ascended to His Father's throne in heaven to be accepted as our Redeemer—at about the same time the priest waved the sheaf before God in the Temple. God fulfills His Word to the letter!
Richard T. Ritenbaugh
'After Three Days'
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John 20:17 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Jesus was crucified on the day of the Passover in AD 31, which fell that year on a Wednesday. God resurrected Him at the end of the weekly Sabbath (Saturday). He appeared to Mary Magdalene the next morning, the day after the weekly Sabbath during Unleavened Bread, when the priests presented the wavesheaf offering. He did not permit her to touch Him because He had not yet ascended to the Father. Just as the High Priest had to wave the sheaf of grain before the spring harvest began, so our Savior had to ascend to the Father that day to be accepted before Him. Once this happened, He allowed His disciples to touch Him (cf. Matthew 28:9; John 20:20-28).
Earl L. Henn (1934-1997)
Holy Days: Pentecost
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John 20:17 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Early on this Sunday morning during the Feast of Unleavened Bread, Jesus would not let Mary Magdalene cling to Him, explaining that He had not yet ascended to His Father (John 20:17, 19). But later that same day, He voiced no such prohibition, allowing His disciples to handle Him (Matthew 28:9). This clearly shows that Christ ascended to heaven and was accepted by His Father as the spiritual "first of the firstfruits" on the same day the Levitical priests were commanded to offer the first of the firstfruits to be accepted by God! Jesus Christ therefore fulfilled the symbolism of the first of the firstfruits on the morrow after the weekly Sabbath—not an annual Sabbath. If it had been the first annual Sabbath that was intended by the words "the Sabbath" in Leviticus 23:11, then the sheaf or omer would have been waved on Friday in AD 31. But on Friday, the Messiah was dead, buried in a sealed tomb. So the explanation in Rabbinic Judaism of Leviticus 23:11 is incorrect. Christ's resurrection or harvest was necessary before any of the remaining spiritual harvests could be reaped (see Leviticus 23:14 for this truth in symbol).
Pentecost: Only 'Firstfruits' Now Called!
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Romans 1:1-4 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
What this section shows is that Jesus actually became a born-again Son of God through a resurrection from the dead. Before His resurrection He was a son of David, born into that line by physical birth. His ancestry is meticulously recorded, showing His descent from Adam, the son of God (Luke 3:23-38). Thus, He was indeed the Son of God prior to the resurrection of the dead by means of human birth. Though Romans 1:3 plainly shows His physical generation, verse 4, in contrast, shows His spiritual generation. We see Christ in two different positions, born first as a human, then born as God. Why did Paul differentiate between the two if a birth is not involved in each? He is showing that at the resurrection, our Lord and Savior became the Son of God just as we will—by a resurrection from the dead! Paul writes more about this birth in Romans 8:29, "For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son that He might be the firstborn [prototokos] among many brethren." Who are His brethren? His disciples, members of His body, the church! We will be born again! We have already been born one time, even as Jesus was born to Mary. But He was declared to be a Son, born by spiritual generation, and we will follow that pattern. Jesus Christ was born again! He is the pattern. His brethren, converted Christians, will go through the same born-again experience that He did. Consider that He never had to repent, be baptized (although He was, to set an example for us), have hands laid on Him to receive the Spirit, or be converted, yet He was born again. But He was not born again until He was composed of spirit. This reveals when being born again takes place! For us, it occurs precisely when it occurred for the pattern, Jesus Christ. He was not a born-again Son of God until His resurrection from the dead, and we will not be born again until our resurrection from the dead (I Corinthians 15:50-54)! Since Jesus did not have to be converted, and since He was declared God's Son by His resurrection, being converted is not being born again. All of God's children will follow the same pattern as the Firstborn. We will be born again the same way, by the resurrection from the dead. "And if children, then heirs—heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him, that we may also be glorified together" (verse 17). When did Christ become glorified? At His resurrection! We will be glorified together. When? At our resurrection! We will follow the pattern.
John W. Ritenbaugh
You Must Be Born Again!
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Romans 8:29-30 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Note that a process is moving from stage to stage. The goal of that process is to be conformed to the image of His Son! The firstborn, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is God! Others are to be conformed to His image—they are to be God as well! When a baby is born, is it any less human than its parents? Certainly, it lacks the age, the experience, and the authority of its parents. It is less developed, its skills are not honed, and it lacks the knowledge the parents have. But is it any less human? No, it is not. The Greek word for "firstborn" is prototokos. The Greek prefix, proto, means "first; earliest; in front; beyond; ahead." In every case, it indicates others are following. The proto is out in front and others are following. (We use this same Greek prefix in an English word, "prototype," the model after which everything that follows it is based.) Jesus Christ is the prototokos, the firstborn (the root word in prototokos means "born"—thus, firstborn). He is in front of others who are going to be born. They will be conformed to the image of the One who was firstborn. We can tie to this Colossians 1:18, where Paul says Jesus was ". . . the firstborn [prototokos] from the dead [by a resurrection]. . . ." The others who follow will follow exactly the same pattern as the One who went first. The archegos (Hebrews 2:10) who passed through all the trials of life, died, and was resurrected as the firstborn of God, into the Family of God (Ephesians 3:15). Behind Him are many sons who will follow exactly the same pattern and be born, by means of a resurrection, into the exact same Family that He was born into. As Christ was transformed and renewed and glorified by the resurrection, so will His younger brethren! The thought in Hebrews 2:11-12, 17 shows that Jesus Christ, as a human being, fully shared in our human lot. Romans 8 is the reverse side of the coin—that even as Jesus shared our human lot, we will share his godly lot. Even as He was human, we are going to be God! It is a beautiful, clear, awesome picture!
John W. Ritenbaugh
We Shall Be God! (Part 1)
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Romans 8:29 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
The fact that "[we are] to be conformed to the image of his Son, that He might be the firstborn among many brethren" is reinforced in Hebrews 2:10, "[Christ is the archegos] in bringing many sons to glory." Also consider Colossians 1:18: "He is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things He may have the pre-eminence." This adds something to Romans 8:29—that Jesus Christ experienced this birth by means of a resurrection. He is the firstborn from the dead. Through this resurrection He became glorified, transformed, or changed from physical and mortal like the humanity in whose image He was made. He became a man to become glorified as God! We can follow this same path. God has given us the natural and physical world to understand things of the spiritual world. He has given us these things so that we will not be in doubt of the process, God's great purpose, that He is working out. One of these physical processes that point to the spiritual is the human birth process. When a baby is born, is it any less human than its parents? It has less age, less authority, less knowledge, less skill, less development, but it is not less human! The Greek prefix in "firstborn" is proto, and it means "first, earliest, in front, beyond, ahead." Does it indicate pre-eminence? Certainly! In the entire Bible, the principle of the pre-eminence of the firstborn is clear. However, it also indicates that others will be following Him in birth as well. If there is a firstborn, there will be a second. The scripture guarantees it! He is the firstborn of many brethren, born by means of a resurrection. He is now God! He is the prototype! Others will follow the prototype in birth by resurrection. Are these, born just as the prototype was, any less than the parent? In this case, less God? Will they be any less than the Elder Brother? Yes, they will have less age, less authority, less skill, less development. They will never have the pre-eminence of the Father or their Elder Brother, the Son. But that does not make them any less God—just as a baby born to a human parent is no less human than his parents! Putting Romans 8:29 together with Hebrews 2:14, 17 we see that Christ was transformed, glorified through the resurrection from the dead. Even as Christ is shown to have fully shared in our human lot, we—His brethren, born by means of a resurrection—will fully share in His transformed and glorified nature! What an awesome thing!
John W. Ritenbaugh
We Shall Be God! (Part 2)
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Romans 8:29 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
This verse is a powerful statement against the idea that one is immediately "born again" when first converted. Christ was born first, and He will be followed by many others, who will be His brothers. If we to be conformed to His image, how can we be anything except what Jesus Christ is—especially when we consider the New Testament emphasis for us to change to be as He is! Does Paul not say that we are to grow to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ (Ephesians 4:13)? This more than implies a period of spiritual growth or maturity.
John W. Ritenbaugh
The Covenants, Grace and Law (Part 1)
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Romans 8:29 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Think of this in terms of humanity. My wife is from a family into which nine children were born. One died in infancy; eight brothers and sisters grew to adulthood. The firstborn was a son, eight others were born after him. Were those born after the firstborn intrinsically any different from the firstborn? They were all humans, just as the firstborn was! Transfer this analogy into the spiritual realm, into the Family of which we are already considered to be a part. We are God's children (Romans 8:14; I John 3:1). Our inheritance is to enter that Family by being born again (John 3:3). Jesus Christ is the Firstborn, and He is God (John 1:1; 20:28). We are to be conformed to His image. When we are born into the God Family, will we be any less than He is? No, we are going to be God. We have come later, but we will be just like the Firstborn.
John W. Ritenbaugh
The Covenants, Grace and Law (Part 13)
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Romans 8:29 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Now compare with Romans 1:3-4: "Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; and declared to be the Son of God . . . by the resurrection from the dead." Jesus was, in the human flesh—His first birth—a descendant of David. But, by the resurrection from the dead (born again), Jesus became the born Son of God, now no longer human, but composed of spirit—a spirit Being. He thus became the first so born of many brethren who shall be born again at the time of the resurrection of those who are Christ's. Of course we understand, and so did Paul in writing the above, that Jesus was also the Son of God while in the human flesh. Though born of a human woman, He was sired by God. But this is comparing the two births: the one from the human Mary, as descended from the human David, and the other, by His resurrection to glory, as Son of God. Emphatically this does not imply that Jesus was a sinner needing salvation. He was the pioneer, setting us the example, that we, too, may be born of God.
Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986)
Life After Death?
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Colossians 1:14-17 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Paul is is exalting Jesus Christ, which is important to his argument, as we see in chapter 2. First, we have the gospel, where truth concerning this situation resides. He exalts Christ by using the word translated "firstborn" two different times. In one section, he emphasizes chronological preeminence: Christ was before all. The second time, he gives status preeminence: Christ was not only before all, but He also has authority over all.
John W. Ritenbaugh
The Covenants, Grace and Law (Part 20)
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Colossians 1:15 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
Some have said that firstborn here means "preeminent." Undoubtedly it can be used as such, but its more natural meaning is "the first to open the womb." Creation (ktisis) "denotes a particular created thing" (Spiros Zodhiates, The Complete Word Study Dictionary New Testament, p. 897), meaning in this case, "humans" or "humanity." This phrase, then, could be translated: "the first born of humanity." But was not Adam (or more technically, Cain) the firstborn of humanity? This does not seem to fit Jesus Christ. He was the firstborn of Mary, but He came four thousand years after Adam and Cain! What does Paul mean here? He is not discussing preeminence, especially when he links it to "the image of the invisible God." Man was created in the image of God (Genesis 1:26). Paul is writing about humanity being born into the Family of God! Jesus Christ is indeed first! He is the first of all humanity to be born as God. Three verses later he writes, "He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead" (Colossians 1:18). It is so obvious! He is writing about a resurrection, a birth from physical to spiritual, from humanity to God!
John W. Ritenbaugh
You Must Be Born Again!
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Hebrews 2:10-11 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
A key word in these verses is "author" from the Greek word archegos, which is translated variously as "captain (KJV), author, pioneer, trail-blazer, and founder." One basic concept threads its way through all of the uses of this word: An archegos is one who begins something so that others may enter into it. An archegos can found a school that others may follow him into learning. An archegos can found a city that others may dwell in. An archegos can blaze a trail that others may follow. An archegos can begin a family that others may be born into it. If a ship is foundering on the rocks, and the only way to save the crew and passengers is for someone to swim ashore with a line and secure it on a tree or a rock so that others may follow him to shore, the one who swims with the line is the archegos. He did a deed so that others may follow. Jesus is the archegos of our salvation! He blazed the trail! He set the pattern! He entered into a Family that others may follow! And in the process of blazing the trail, of setting the pattern, of entering into God's Kingdom—He too was perfect! That is what the verse says. The author of our salvation was made perfect through suffering. He was made complete as our Savior and High Priest. He is fully able to be the pioneer of our salvation, to ensure that we also will enter salvation and to be as He is. According to this verse, this was done to bring many sons to glory—the same glory as the Trailblazer, the Pioneer, the Author, the Captain has.
John W. Ritenbaugh
We Shall Be God! (Part 1)
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Hebrews 2:10 (Go to this verse :: Verse pop-up)
God plainly shows it is His purpose to increase His divine Family by bringing many sons into it. Jesus Christ is actually the "firstborn" of many sons of God (Romans 8:29; Colossians 1:18). The gospel Jesus brought to mankind is simply the "good news" of the Kingdom of God—and that Kingdom is dual. It is not only the ruling government which Christ will establish on the earth when He returns, but it is also the Family of God—the God Kingdom composed of the spirit members of the God Family. And, incredible as it may sound, Jesus taught that humans can be "born" into the Family, or Kingdom, of God. There are only two members in the God Family or Kingdom at the present time—God the Father and Jesus Christ the Son. But God is increasing His Family, and you can be "born" into it!
What It Means to Be Born Again
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